Black box testing - This is a type of testing where the tester interacts with the API without knowing its internal workings.It mainly involves black box testing and is not concerned with the source code. Functional testing - This type of testing validates a software system against its functional requirements by providing input and verifying the output.Smoke test - This is a preliminary test that checks if the most crucial functions of an API are working correctly and identifies any major issues before further testing.Some of these include smoke testing, functional testing, security testing, penetration testing, and validation testing. There are several types of tests that can be performed on APIs. GUI testing is then reserved for validating typical use cases at the system level, mobile testing, and usability testing. API testing is recommended for the vast majority of test automation efforts and as much edge testing as possible. Tests at the API layer are less brittle and easier to maintain.įor these reasons, it is recommended that teams increase their level of API testing while decreasing their reliance on GUI testing. Short release cycles with fast feedback loops: Agile and DevOps teams working with short iterations and fast feedback loops find that GUI tests require considerable rework to keep pace with frequent change.APIs are considered the most stable interface to the system under test. System complexity: GUI tests can't sufficiently verify functional paths and back-end APIs/services associated with multitier architectures.API testing, GUI testing, and test automation ĪPI Testing is recognised as being more suitable for test automation and continuous testing (especially the automation used with Agile software development and DevOps) than GUI testing. Transports/protocols such as TCP/IP, ISO 8583, MQTT, FIX, RMI, SMTP, TIBCO Rendezvous, and FIX. It can also include message formats such as SWIFT, FIX, EDI and similar fixed-length formats, CSV, ISO 8583 and Protocol Buffers being sent over ĪPI testing commonly includes testing REST APIs or SOAP web services with JSON or XML message payloads being sent over HTTP, HTTPS, JMS, and MQ. Service virtualization is used in conjunction with API testing to isolate the services under test as well as expand test environment access by simulating APIs/services that are not accessible for testing. ĪPI testing is used to determine whether APIs return the correct response (in the expected format) for a broad range of feasible requests, react properly to edge cases such as failures and unexpected/extreme inputs, deliver responses in an acceptable amount of time, and respond securely to potential security attacks. API testing is performed on APIs that the development team produces as well as APIs that the team consumes within their application (including third-party APIs). Beyond RESTful APIs, these transactions include multiple types of endpoints such as web services, ESBs, databases, mainframes, web UIs, and ERPs. API testing overview ĪPI testing involves testing APIs directly (in isolation) and as part of the end-to-end transactions exercised during integration testing. API testing is now considered critical for automating testing because APIs now serve as the primary interface to application logic and because GUI tests are difficult to maintain with the short release cycles and frequent changes commonly used with Agile software development and DevOps. Since APIs lack a GUI, API testing is performed at the message layer. Automated software testing of programmable application interfaces (APIs)ĪPI testing is a type of software testing that involves testing application programming interfaces (APIs) directly and as part of integration testing to determine if they meet expectations for functionality, reliability, performance, and security.
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